Per-sample objective min(ρA, clip(ρ, 1−ε, 1+ε) A) − β·KL — drag the parameters and watch where the gradient lives, where clipping kills it, and how group statistics set the advantage scale.
Objective parameters
Group reward statistics
Total objective vs. importance ratio ρ
min(ρA, clip(ρ, 1±ε) A) − β(r − log r − 1), r = c / ρ. Shaded band = clip interval; flat ⇒ zero gradient.